• All body segments with dorsal tubercles and/or setae
• Apneustic respiratory system (no spiracles)
• Paired prolegs on terminal abdominal segment as well as on prothorax

Merritt, R W., K W. Cummins, and M B. Berg. An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Company, 2008