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TOXIN Producing Organism ng kg-1 (pptrillion) ug kg-1  (ppb) mg kg-1  (ppm) Comments
Botulinin toxin D (Clostridium botulinum)   bacterium 0.4 0.0004 0.000
Botulinum  (Clostridium botulinum)   bacterium 1.0 0.0010 0.000
Shiga (Shigella dysenteriae  and E. coli) bacterium 1.0 0.0010 0.000
Tetanus toxin   (Clostridium tetani)   bacterium 1.0 0.0010 0.000
Botulinin toxin C1 (Clostridium botulinum)    bacterium 1.1 0.0011 0.000
Botulinin toxin E (Clostridium botulinum)    bacterium 1.1 0.0011 0.000
Botulinin toxin A (Clostridium botulinum)    bacterium 1.2 0.0012 0.000
Botulinin toxin B (Clostridium botulinum)    bacterium 1.2 0.0012 0.000
Botulinin toxin C2 (Clostridium botulinum)    bacterium 1.2 0.0012 0.000
Botulinin toxin F (Clostridium botulinum)    bacterium 2.5 0.0025 0.000
Atropine (Atropa belladonna - Deadly Nightshade) angiosperm 25 0.025 0.000
epsilon toxin (Clostridium perfringens) bacterium 100 0.100 0.000
Diphtheria toxin  (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) bacterium 100 0.100 0.000
beta toxin (Clostridium perfringens) bacterium 400 0.400 0.000
enterotoxin A (Clostridium difficile)  bacterium 500 0.500 0.001
Abrin (Abrus precatorius - Rosary Pea) angiosperm 700 0.700 0.001
Modeccin (Adenia digitata roots)  angiosperm 1 000 1.000 0.001
Volkensin  (Adenia volkensii roots) angiosperm 1 400 1.400 0.001
Pneumolysin (Streptococcus pneumoniae)    bacterium 1 500 1.500 0.002
Staphylococcus enterotoxin F  bacterium 2 000 2 0.002
Taipoxin  (Oxyuranus microlepidotus - Australian Inland Taipan) (snake) snake 2 000 2 0.002
Viscumin  (Viscum spp. - Mistletoe) (angiosperm) angiosperm 2 400 2 0.002
Ricin  (Castor Bean seeds) (angiosperm) angiosperm 2 700 3 0.003
Clostridium perfringens lecithinase  bacterium 3 000 3 0.003
Listeriolysin (Listeria monocytogenes)  bacterium 3 000 3 0.003
Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin A   bacterium 3 000 3 0.003
Clostridium perfringens delta toxin  bacterium 5 000 5 0.005
Aerolysin  (Aeromonas hydrophila) bacterium 7 000 7 0.007
Saxitoxin  (marine dinoflagellates) dinoflagellate 8 000 8 0.008
Streptolysin O  (Streptococcus pyogenes,  S. aureus) bacterium 8 000 8 0.008
Tetrodotoxin (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes) bacteria* 8 000 8 0.008 Enhancing vectors:  puffer fish, some cephalopods and gastropods, sea slugs, some crabs
Verotoxin (E. coli Strain O157:H7) bacterium 8 000 8 0.008
Yersinia pestis murine toxin  bacterium 10 000 10 0.010
Conotoxin (Conus spp. = Pacific Cone Snails >600 spp.)   mollusk 12 000 12 0.012
b-bungarotoxin ("krait" snakes of S and SE Asia)  snake 14 000 14 0.014
Clostridium perfringens perfringolysin O   bacterium 15 000 15 0.015
Pertussis toxin (Bordetella pertussis)  bacterium 15 000 15 0.015
Shiga toxin  Shigella dysenteriae,E. coli Shigatoxigenic group   (bacteria) bacterium 20 000 20 0.020
microcystin (cyanobacteria) cyanobacterium 25 000 25 0.025 Types:  most toxic LR, 80 variants
Inland taipan  snake 25 000 25 0.025
Notexin (Tiger snake Notexis spp. -- Tasmania, S Australia)   snake 25 000 25 0.025
Staphylococcus enterotoxin B  bacterium 25 000 25 0.025
Streptolysin S  (Streptococcus spp.) bacterium 25 000 25 0.025
Nematocyst toxins  -- Cnidaria (jellyfish) cnidaria 33 000 33 0.033
Eastern brown snake  snake 36 500 37 0.037
Cereolysin  (Bacillus cereus) bacterium 40 000 40 0.040
Dubois's sea snake  snake 44 000 44 0.044
Leucocidin  (Staphylococcus aureus) bacterium 50 000 50 0.050
Caeruleotoxin  (Bungarus caeruleus "krait" snake of Indian Subcontinent) snake 53 000 53 0.053
Yellow bellied sea snake  snake 67 000 67 0.067
sea snakes snake 79 000 79 0.079
Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin   bacterium 81 000 81 0.081
Crotoxin (Brazilian rattle snake) snake 82 000 82 0.082
Coastal taipan  snake 106 000 106 0.106
Many banded krait  snake 108 000 108 0.108
Black banded sea snake  snake 111 000 111 0.111
Beaked sea snake  snake 112 500 113 0.113
Congo water cobra  snake 120 000 120 0.120
Peninsula tiger snake  snake 131 000 131 0.131
Black tiger snake (Tasmania) snake 131 000 131 0.131
Tiger rattler snake 210 000 210 0.210
Clostridium difficile cytotoxin B   bacterium 220 000 220 0.220
Cholera toxin   bacterium 250 000 250 0.250
muscarine (Amanita muscaria = "fly agaric") fungus 250 000 250 0.250
copperhead snake 256 000 256 0.256
a-amanitin (Amanita phalloides "death cap" mushroom) fungus 327 000 327 0.327 1 ounce of mushroom is lethal
Clostridium perfringens kappa toxin   bacterium 1 500 000 1 500 1.500
Mexican rattler snake 2 800 000 2 800 2.800
BMAA Cyanobacteria, Lathyrus spp 3 000 000 3 000 3.000
Timber rattler snake 3 100 000 3 100 3.100
Anatoxin-a cyanobacteria 6.700 Stevens and Krieger 1991.  Toxicon.
29(1):134-138 (in mice)
Western rattler snake 18 500 000 18 500 18.500
Nicotine (oral) 50.000 Petty, D.G. Comparative Oral Toxicity 2004.  Aquatics 36(2):6-7.
Caffiene (oral) 140.000 Petty, D.G. Comparative Oral Toxicity 2004.  Aquatics 36(2):6-7.
Capsaicin (hot sauce oral) 161.000 Petty, D.G. Comparative Oral Toxicity 2004.  Aquatics 36(2):6-7.
Bleach (oral) 192.000 Petty, D.G. Comparative Oral Toxicity 2004.  Aquatics 36(2):6-7.
Aspirin (oral) 200.000 Petty, D.G. Comparative Oral Toxicity 2004.  Aquatics 36(2):6-7.
Cinnamon 275.000 Petty, D.G. Comparative Oral Toxicity 2004.  Aquatics 36(2):6-7.
Vitamin A 1510.000 Petty, D.G. Comparative Oral Toxicity 2004.  Aquatics 36(2):6-7.
Vitamin C 2000.000 Petty, D.G. Comparative Oral Toxicity 2004.  Aquatics 36(2):6-7.
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