• All body segments secondarily divided into 2 or 3 subdivisions bearing dorsal sclerotized plates
• Integument with numerous dark spots which together with the dorsal plates, impart a greyish-brown coloration to the larva
• Respiratory system amphipneustic; posterior spiracles at apex of a relatively short, conical respiratory tube

Merritt, R W., K W. Cummins, and M B. Berg. An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Company, 2008