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Phycokey Cyanobacterial and PS Protistan Toxin References

Texts. Keys, and Online Sites

Algal protists, several phyla

Bigelow Laboratory:  Toxic & Harmful Algal Blooms.  [Online]

Carmichael, W.W., C.L.A. Jones, N.A. Mahmood, W.C. Theiss, and P. Krogh.  Algal toxins and water-based diseases.  Critical Rev. Environ. Science and Technology 15:1547-6537.

Collins, M.  1978.  Algal Toxins.  Microbiol. Rev. 42:725-746.

Evangelista, V., L. Barsanti, A.M. Frassanito, V. Passarelli, and P. Gualtieri (Editors) 2007.  Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Sensor Systems for Biological Threats:  The Algal Toxins Case.  Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.  (399 pp)  [Online]

Rodgers, J.H. Jr.  2008.  Algal toxins in pond aquaculture.  Southern Regional Aquacultuer Center (SRAC) publication 4605.  [Online]

United States Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center:  Field Manual of Wildlife Disease – General Field Procedures and Diseases of Birds, Chapter 36 – Algal Toxins.  http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/publications/field_manual/chapter_36.pdf

Van Dolah, F.M.  2000. Marine Algal Toxins:  Origins, Health effects, and Their Increased Occurrence.  Environ. Health Perspect. 108(suppl 1):133-141.

 

Chrysophyceae(Golden-browns)

Boenigk, J., and P. Stadler.  2004. Potential toxicity of chrysophytes affiliated with Poterioochromonas and related ‘Spumella-like’ flagellates.    J. Plankton Res. 26(12):1507 - 1514.  [Toxin producers are mixotrophic or heterotrophic.  They are toxic to predators including Daphnia magna and the rotifer Platyas sp., and to fish]

Goblera, C.J., D.L. Berrya, S.T. Dyhrmanc, S.W. Wilhelmd, A. Salamove, A.V. Lobanov, Y. Zhang, J.L. Collier, L.L. Wurch, A.B. Kustka, B.D. Dill, M. Shah, N.C. VerBerkmoes, A.Kuo, A. Terry, J. Pangilinan, E.A. Lindquist, S. Lucas, I.T. Paulsen, T.K. Hattenrath-Lehmann, S.C. Talmage, E.A. Walker, F. Koch, A.M. Burson, M.A. Marcoval, Y-Z. Tang, G.R. LeCleir, K.J. Coyne, G.M. Berg, E.M. Bertrand, M.A. Saito, V.N. Gladyshev, and I.V. Grigorieve  2011.  Niche of harmful algal Aureococcus anophagefferens revealed through ecogenomics.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Science 108(11):4352-4357. [The chrysophyte forms a ‘brown tide’ toxic to bivalves, especially the economically important scallops (Argopecten irradians) and blue mussels (Mytilus edulis.]

 

Cyanobacteria (Blue-green Bacteria)

Dell’Aversano, C., G.K. Eaglesham, and M.A. Quilliam  2004.  Analysis of cyanobacterial toxins by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry.  J. Chromatogr. 1028:155-164.

Ferreira, F.M.B., J.M.F. Soler, M.L. Fidalgo, and P. Fernandez-Vila.  PSP toxins from Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (cyanobacteria) collected in the Crestuma-Lever reservoir (Douro river, norther Portugal).

 

Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae)

Fritz, L., M.A. Quilliam, J.L.C. Wright, A.M. Beale, and T.M. Work  1992.  An outbreak of domoic acid poisoning attributed to the pinnate diatom Pseudonitzschia australis.  J. Phycol. 28:439-442.

Quilliam, M.A., and J.L.C. Wright  1989.  The amnesic shellfish poisoning mystery.  Anal. Chem. 61:1053A-1060A.

Quilliam, M.A., B.A. Thomson, G.J. Scott, and K.W.M. Siu  1989.  Ion-spray mass spectrometry of marine neurotoxins.  Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 3:145-150.

Quilliam, M.A., P.G. Sim, A.W. McCulloch, and A.G.Mcinnes  1989.  High-performance liquid chromatography of domoic acid, a marine neurotoxin, with application to shellfish and plankton.  Intnational J. Env. Anal. Chem. 36:193-154.

Rue, E., and K. Bruland.  Domoic acid binds iron and coppers:  A possible role for the toxin produced by the marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia.  Marine Chemistry 76:127-134.

Work, T.M., B. Barr, A.M. Beale, M.A. Quilliam, and J.L.C. Wright  1993.  Epidemiology of domoic acid poisoning in brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) and Brandt’s cormorants (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) in California.  J. Zoo Wildlife Medicine 24:54-62.

 

Euglenoids (Euglenophyceae)

  Zimba, P.V., M. Rowan and R.Triemer. 2004. Identification of euglenoid algae that produce ichthyotoxin(s). Journal of Fish Diseases 27:115-117.  [Neurotoxin]

 

Greens (Chlorophyceae)

  Chiang, I-Z, W-Y Huang, and J-T Wu  2004.  Allelochemicals of Botryococcus braunii (Chlorophyceae). J. Phycol. 40"474-480. [Fatty acids from cell-free extracts are toxic to fish, especially to Tilapia in Liyu Lake, Taiwan, and appear also to have allelotoxicity to other phytoplankton.]

 

Haptonema bearers (Prymnesiophyceae)

Darni, Z., W. Ulitzur, and M. Shilo  1972.  Influence of light and phosphate on toxin production and growth of Prymnesium parvum.  J. Gen. Microbiol. 70:199-207.

Ulitzur, S., and M. Shilo1970.Effect of Prymnesium parvum toxin, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulphate on bacteria.J. Gen. Microbiol. 623: 363-370.

 

Non-photosynthetic Protists – Amoebae, Flagellates, and Ciliates

Boenigk, J., and P. Stadler.  2004. Potential toxicity of chrysophytes affiliated with Poterioochromonas and related ‘Spumella-like’ flagellates.    J. Plankton Res. 26(12):1507 - 1514.  [Toxin producers are mixotrophic or heterotrophic.  They are oxic to predators including Daphnia magna and the rotifer Platyas sp., and to fish]

 

 

Updated 15 November 2011

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