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Cosmarium (Charophyceae)

Cosmarium sp. from a lake in New Hampshire USA

Cosmarium sp.
Modified from an image from Connecticut College, New London, CT USA, posted online

Cosmarium quasillus
Image by Hank Schulp posted at desmids.nl

Cosmarium sp.
Modified from an image posted at the University of Wisconsin
(Madison, WI USA)

Cosmarium depressum
Image posted online

Cosmarium sp.
Modified from an image by J. France, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada, posted online

Cosmarium sp.
Modified from an image by Erin McKenney, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI USA, posted at online

Cosmarium sp. from a lake in New Hampshire USA
Dividing cells appear to "bud" forming new hemicells.

Cosmarium sp. from a lake in New Hampshire USA
Cell division nearly completed.

Cosmarium sp. from a lake in New Hampshire USA
"Budding" to produce new hemicells during division while covered with mucilage.

Cosmarium botrytis
Image by Ralf Wagner posted at dr-ralf-wagner.de

Cosmarium sp.
Recently divided cells
Image posted at the University of Wisconsin
(Madison, WI USA)

Cosmarium sp.
Empty cell wall. Image posted at silicasecchidisk.conncoll.edu
(Connecticut College, New London, CT USA)

Cosmarium sp.
Photograph by Jonathan Dufresne, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824 USA

Cosmarium sp.
Same individual as above, different magnification
Photograph by Jonathan Dufresne, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824 USA

Cosmarium subtumidum based on key in Brook (2011)

Brook, A.J. 2011. Chlorophyta: Zygnematales. In: John, E.M., B.A. Whitton and A.J. Brook (Eds.) The freshwater algal flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press (878 pp).

Cosmarium contractum
Photograph jp0123L at National Institute of Environmental Science, Japan, posted online

Cosmarium sp. SEM illustrating wall ornamentation ('warts' or 'scrobiculations')
Photograph by Michael R. Gretz, Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, USA studying extracellular polymers of algae.

Cosmarium conspersum Ralfs var. latum Westt
Modified from sketch by Nygaard (1976) from the collection of Manfred Bölter, University of Kiel, DE

Nygaard, G. 1976 Desmids from an Arctic salt lake. Botanisk Tidsskrift 71: 84-96

Cosmarium subcostatum Nordst. 1876
Modified from sketch by Ettl and Gärtner (1995) from the collection of Manfred Bölter, University of Kiel, DE

Ettl H, Gärtner G (1995) Syllabus der Boden-, Luft- und Flechtenalgen. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart

Cosmarium hexalobum Nordst. 1872
Modified from sketch by Ettl and Gärtner (1995) from the collection of Manfred Bölter, University of Kiel, DE

Ettl H, Gärtner G (1995) Syllabus der Boden-, Luft- und Flechtenalgen. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart

Cosmarium diplodesmium Skuja 1964
Modified from sketch by Ettl and Gärtner (1995) from the collection of Manfred Bölter, University of Kiel, DE

Ettl H, Gärtner G (1995) Syllabus der Boden-, Luft- und Flechtenalgen. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart

Cosmarium nasutum Nordst. 1872
Modified from sketch by Ettl and Gärtner (1995) from the collection of Manfred Bölter, University of Kiel, DE

Ettl H, Gärtner G (1995) Syllabus der Boden-, Luft- und Flechtenalgen. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart

Cosmarium cyclum Lund. var. arcticum Nordst. 1872.
Modified from sketch by Ettl & Gaertner (1995) from the collection of Manfred Bölter, University of Kiel, DE

Ettl, H. & G. Gärtner 1995. Syllabus der Boden-, Luft- und Flechtenalgen. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart

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